tea tree oil for interdigital cyst

&nbsp11/03/2023

Collecting hair samples, skin scrapes, or cultures to look for the presence of parasites, bacteria, or fungus. Murphy-Rose recommends doing this toward the end of your shower or bath when the skin is saturated with water. Mix with olive oil to make a paste and help it blend with the food. And its been shown not to alter the skins microbiome as medicated topicals do. This makes it easier to apply tea tree oil on cysts because you just have to spray it onto your skin. Atopic dermatitis with red, itchy skin can lead to cysts. Though these are rare, they could happen. You can take advantage of olive oil or coconut oil to avoid skin irritations. Pilonidal cysts. My chubby boxer is currently being treated for the THIRD time for an interdigital cyst. Always dilute the oil before topical use. Place plastic wrap over the fabric. Your vet can do a skin biopsy and send it to the lab to ensure its not cancerous. Essential oil from the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) may help some cysts, albeit in an indirect way. While Benadryl for dogs might be enough to help some dogs, others need stronger allergy medicine for dogs like Cytopoint or Apoquel. And if you need to modify the plan, you can work together to do that too. It restricts the growth of toxic bacteria like E. coli, S. aureus (staph infection) and yeast like C. albicans (candida). Curcumin: A review of its effects on human health. Aloe vera gel can provide instant relief from the discomfort caused by the cyst. Youll probably be asked to wipe the paw often with medicated cloths. Let your dog have a sniff of the closed essential oil bottle first to make sure it isnt too much for him. Repeat a few times each day. Pathogenesis of canine interdigital palmar and plantar comedones and follicular cysts, and their response to laser surgery. Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil is almost a magical ingredient when it comes to skincare. However, in rare cases they can appear on the bottom of the paw instead. This will help fight infection in the interdigital cyst while cleansing the area. You can also combine tea tree oil applications with the above hot water compress remedy. Epsom Salts Foot BathDissolve a cup of Epsom salts in a gallon of warm water. Avoid applying undiluted tea tree essential oil directly to the cyst or skin. Earth Clinic has several success stories of owners giving their dogs turmeric, an Indian spice known for helping fight infection, some forms of cancer and inflammation. The healing potential of the tea tree oil for pilonidal cyst is due to the antifungal and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that effectively combat infections. Make sure to source a 100 percent pure castor oil product. Apply this dilution directly to the cyst several times per day. Turmeric isnt a cure for cysts. Your veterinarian may recommend oral antibiotics and topical ointments/shampoos to . Let the oil cool down. Warm 8 ounces of water in a bowl. I did heat compresses for the first 2 days, using cloth dipped in warm water and a homemade heat pack. It is very likely that the vet will look over your whole dog, not just his or her feet. I've suffered from cysts for 50 years. They include Shar-Pei, Boxer, Bull Terrier, German Shepherd, Dobermann Pinscher, and Pit Bull breeds. Its notably effective at killing bacteria that live in the skin, which can cause acne and cysts. Kill yeast build-up. Rub onto paws as needed. Sometimes a dogs interdigital cyst can burst or pop, and start draining this material or bleeding out of a small hole in the center of the cyst. Following label directions, apply a pure aloe vera gel, cream, or lotion directly to an irritated or painful cyst as often as needed. The tea tree oil helps to rupture the cyst in some viruses and gives protection against them. The oil of tea tree. Join nearly 100,000 subscribers who love Dogs Naturally to unlock special discounts and premium content. Eczema caused by allergens like pollen, as well as stress, dry skin, and infection. You cant prevent a cyst from forming, but you can prevent one from getting infected. Try Tea Tree And Oregano Oil. Furuncles are more commonly found on the top of the front feet; however, all four feet can be affected. Tea tree oil is extremely unlikely to assist all sorts of cysts because not all cysts are caused by ingrown hairs. (2017). It also helps cure viral infections like the common cold, influenza, mumps, measles, and pox. Duclos DD, Hargis AM, Hanley PW. You can use ground organic oats or Bentonite clay or a combination of both in equal amounts. RELATED: Read how to safely use essential oils for dogs . Both issues can be a sign of a serious problem. Dr. Julie Buzby September 26, 2022 6 Comments. Licking breaks down the outer layer of skin and causes ruptured hair follicles. Realistically, I think the way the oil works is it enters the small hole the cyst is draining from and it's anti septic properties kill the infection, so the bump and tenderness goes away as well as the fluids needing to drain. The resulting skin damage plus the potential for the hairs to be pushed into the skin can make an overweight dog more prone to ingrown hairs and interdigital cysts. It could be helpful for discomfort and pain, though more research is needed to fully support this. 12. Because this oil is made from natural ingredients, you can use it straight out of the bottle. Constant licking breaks down the skin and causes ruptured hair follicles leading to inflammation and a cyst. Oral anti-inflammatories are needed for resistant cases or for dogs with multiple lesions. Essential oils, such as tea tree oil and sage oil, may help soothe the cyst and may even help fight infection. Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25% and 50% tea tree oil solution: a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study. (2015). But most of the time there are additional factors in play as well. Pour castor oil onto the fabric and allow it to soak in. Scientific Reports. A product called No Bump Rx helps prevent ingrown hairs. [more], NEED HELP? Herbalists often promote tea tree oil as a type of antimicrobial solution. The result is ingrown hairs that are irritating to your dog and can predispose him or her to secondary bacterial skin infections. These form when hair follicles dont grow properly, leading to infection of a sebaceous gland. It helps in the soothing of the skin and . deep pyoderma in dogs). And it might not help at all with certain types of cysts. There are three major treatment options of interdigital cysts in dogs: medical therapy, surgery, and CO2laser: Despite treatment and identification of an underlying disease, some dogs have chronic recurrent lesions. Tea Tree Oil for Hair Soak paws for 30 seconds, dry and apply the foot powder. . Drugs are usually the first line of defense. As well, it doesnt permanently remove cysts only a healthcare professional can do that. It shouldnt alter your dogs normal paw structure. Especially for these diseases like interdigital cysts that are sometimes challenging to treat, it is important to have a great working partnership with your veterinarian. As mentioned earlier, there are various factors that can cause cysts to form. Place the castor oil cloth against the area of the body to be treated. Tea tree oil for pilonidal cyst. Heres what you can do right away so you can both get some relief. Please click here to make an appointment or call us at (844) 863- 6700. From spots and insect bites to skin conditions, when applied to sensitive skin, tea tree oil can help to calm redness and itchiness. We avoid using tertiary references. I can't recommend tea tree oil strongly enough. If the grass awn isnt removed, it will continue to bury deeper into the paw. Apply this mixture to your ganglion cyst. To do this, you have to dilute the tea tree using the ratio of 1:10. Factors like wet, hard, or uneven environments, dirty kennels, or uncontrolled allergies prevent complete resolution of interdigital cysts. Mix in one of the antibacterial essential oils of choice just a drop or 2 but no more. However, most epidermoid cysts go away on their own and dont require a doctors visit. Warm, moist paws are perfect environments for bacteria and fungus (i.e. Remember just 1-2 drops is plenty! The clay will pull out the toxins. Cysts can sometimes leave behind scars that are often dark. Normally these mites dont cause any issues. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection, also known as tinea pedis. Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25% and 50% tea tree oil solution: a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study . Apply the oil to the . Bell C, Barnetson RS. Only purchase products from trustworthy companies with good reputations. The breeds most affected include Chinese Shar-Pei, Boxer, Bull Terrier, German Shepherd, Dobermann Pinscher, and Pit Bull breeds, especially those who are overweight or have allergy or thyroid problems. J Clin Diagn Res. Use a few tea bags to a gallon of warm water, or the ACV soak, and allow to steep. Dilution ratio is two to three drops per 1 ounce of water. Thankfully, while you cant change your dogs breed or the fact that he or she has allergies, there are some things you can do. Here are some causes of interdigital cysts so you'll know what to watch for in the future. Try to soak your dogs paws every few days to help healing. However, this home remedy isnt right for every case and for every dog. Tea Tree Oil as an Oral Wash. Step 3: Now you want to rinse your dog with a conditioner. 2021 Dr. Buzbys ToeGrips. It also reduces swelling and stiffness. Like most injuries your dog suffers, you just need to remove the infection and heal the wound. Both may help with pain and irritation in cysts. Tea tree oil may help to prevent sebaceous cysts, which cause hair loss. The nodules are painful areas of pyogranulomatous inflammation. "Tea tree oil is one of the best-known essential oils on the market as it's been used for almost a hundred years for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions," says Shereene Idriss, MD, a board-certified dermatologist, founder of Idriss Dermatology in New . These lesions are best controlled with long-term topical medications, like cyclosporine, and weekly or biweekly medicated baths. Other causes of draining tracts are a reaction to a foreign object in the foot, infection of the hair follicle, or cancer. I hope your dogs cyst clears up quickly. Make a foot bath of these teas separately or combined: chamomile, sage, echinacea, goldenseal or decaffeinated green tea. Ideally, it will go at least an inch beyond the material in all directions. You can make a foot bath using 1 cup of Epsom salts in a gallon of warm water. Paw butters are beneficial after a cyst has healed, to keep paw pads supple. And here are some foot baths you can use to relieve your dogs discomfort and help the healing process. Cover with a bandage and leave overnight. If you are wondering, Is my dog overweight?, start by finding your dogs body condition score (BCS) and/or making an appointment with your vet. Its possible that witch hazels astringent tannins may help shrink them, while anti-inflammatory effects could ease pain. If you spot any of the above symptoms, its best to give the problem immediate attention and treatment. Participant. For example, my colleague is currently treating a two year old German Shepherd. Radha MH, et al. People with sensitive skin may have reactions to witch hazel, but this can be avoided by diluting witch hazel with water. PubMed.gov. Discover how to lessen their appearance or get rid of them permanently. Sometimes it is easy to see the characteristic 1 to 2 cm shiny, red to purple nodule between a dogs toes. Heat clean water to a warm or hot temperature, not boiling. . Anything a pet parent can do to prevent interdigital cysts from forming in the first place? One way to know if you have a cyst is the pinching pain it causes. By understanding the reasons that these cysts form, you can also predict some of the common symptoms of interdigital cysts. Anti-inflammatories applied topically work best with only one lesion. Or, if your dog has allergies and you dont know it, specific essential oils might make the problem worse. Thus, some essential oils used as anti-inflammatory remedies suppress neutrophil activation by TNF-945; at a low concentration (0.0125-0.025%) in vitro." Link. Interdigital furuncles are deep pyoderma lesions that form between the toes of dogs. We do the work, so you dont have to. Its antibacterial quality also prevents the cyst from any further infection. If he turns away or seems uncomfortable, use a different oil. Since that is the case, stopping the itch is important. Slowly melt oils and wax together on the stove. I think it looks worse than better!! The body sees this released material as foreign and creates an inflammatory reaction to it, as it does with bacteria, fungi, or mites. This is thanks to the acetic acid. Its best to do a small patch test before you use this oil. Then these split hairs create irritation that can cause cysts. Submitting a biopsy of the affected area to a diagnostic lab to determine what kind of cells, bacteria, or parasites are present. Note that these are hot oils and should be used with extreme care. Trauma and environmental factors play a role in the development of interdigital cysts or furuncles in dogs. Cysts are hard lumps filled with various substances that form in the body. Once inflamed, these lesions are called furuncles. Before discussing home remedies, its necessary to go over a few important details: Remember: If your cyst isnt causing you problems, you dont necessarily always need to remove it. Interdigital cysts, as the name would imply, appear between the digits (i.e. With its anti-inflammatory properties, tea tree oil can help slow down or prevent bacterial development, which helps in stopping the foul smell generated by cysts. Dawid-Pać R. (2013). At this point, the cysts are raised, painful, purple or red nodules, as shown in the photo below of an interdigital cyst in dogs. This way, you will know if this natural anti-inflammatory is safe for your skin. If you see your dog licking or chewing his paws you need to take a closer look. The high sodium and calcium content will draw out infections and bacteria. Theres not enough research to call honey a cyst treatment or remover. help protect against environmental toxins and dry out the wound. In general, tea tree oil has not been shown to be an effective treatment for cysts. This happens because of microbe development and release of waste inside your body. Until it is removed, the cyst or furuncle will recur. Here are other signs: Youll need to address this promptly as it can lead to a secondary infection. Upon arriving at the veterinary hospital, your veterinarian will begin the appointment by collecting a history (i.e. The Demodex mite, a skin parasite, can cause interdigital cysts or furuncles as well as canineatopic dermatitis, an underlying skin condition. For 20 years, shes been committed to maintaining a multi-dog household reared on raw meat, whole foods and good manners. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/12004.5739, Read how to safely use essential oils for dogs . Tea tree oil may help relieve many types of skin inflammation, including being used as a natural eczema treatment and for reducing psoriasis. Remember that the only proven way to remove a cyst is to have it done by a healthcare professional. Additionally, interdigital cysts might contain a bloody, pus-like material. Although this method isnt guaranteed to drain or reduce the appearance of a cyst, it may be worth a try. Use tea tree essential oil to get rid of cysts on face. Even household soaps and cleaners can trigger this type of flare-up and cause persistent licking. Discover home remedies for boils, such as a warm compress, oil, and turmeric. Don't do it after sex. This irritation is also common in dogs with atopic dermatitis. For example, you can resort to the use of home remedies, such as tea tree oil for cyst. Overall, tea tree oil isnt a proven cyst remedy. But keep it powdery. If a cyst is opened and exposed to the elements, bacteria can be introduced into the wound. In studies, aloe vera hasnt been shown to reliably remove, drain, or reduce the appearance of cysts. It will also draw out a foreign body that might be causing the problem. Mix equal parts of water and apple cider vinegar. Soak in the bath for 20 minutes. You can also take advantage of the spray type essential oil. This also helps support a normal inflammatory response and support skin health. Tea Tree Oil for Bartholin Cysts. Though this remedy is widely recommended by doctors and reputable sources, there are still no studies testing or showing that its effective. One method is to create a poultice by mixing honey, preferably raw and all-natural, with other antimicrobial herbs and ingredients. For more mild cases, the vet will prescribe antibiotics that go directly on the skin (i.e. If you are seeking to Dilute Tea Tree Oil for Cysts, it is a good idea to start by diluting it in water or some other solvent. A coccyx cushion or pillow can provide support and comfort while sitting. Also, you probably remember that interdigital cysts are usually due to a deep skin infection and other skin problems. Hair between the toes splits from walking on hard surfaces. Together you will be able to come up with the best treatment and prevention plan for your dog. Interdigital cysts in dogs can be painful for your pup and somewhat challenging to treat. Some home remedies can help with certain aspects of cysts, or specific types. However, some dogs, especially those with poor immune systems, can develop a mite overpopulation. Theyll also heal your dogs dry, cracked paws. help@toegrips.com These breeds tend to develop cysts because of: Short hair is especially a problem for these dogs because it acts as an irritant to the paw. Both oregano and tea tree oil are widely known for their bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This, in turn, hastens the recovery process of cysts. A cyst is usually not harmful, but youll need to see a doctor if you want a cyst removed. Hopefully. 3. For instance, a 5% tea tree oil gel might be used for acne, while a 10% or higher tea tree oil cream might be used for athlete's foot. To use Tea Tree Oil as a treatment for an infected cyst, simply apply a few drops of the oil to a clean cotton ball and apply it to the affected area. Acetic acids may cause discomfort, irritation, or burns. So, read on. As I explained to my client, interdigital cysts are nodule-like lesions that form between a dogs toes. All Rights Reserved. Using it may help with discomfort as well as cysts caused by bacteria. Foxtails in dogs and other grass seeds can act as foreign bodies that lodge in your dogs paws. Using sedation to examine the wound and look for foreign bodies like grass awns. Our editor completed a hands-on review of their products and reputation. Share your experience with us below! Cysts are sac-like structures that may be filled with gas, liquid, or solid materials. Yes. Simply add essential oil to the hot water in the proper dilution ratio. Here are some safe home remedies for interdigital cysts in dogs: Step 1 Use an Epsom salt soak to open the skin and draw out the infection and foreign material embedded in the skin. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Even if theyre not yet proven to work, trying these remedies poses few risks if used correctly. Aloe vera may also help reduce the appearance or get rid of certain cysts caused by bacteria or other pathogens. You can definitely avoid toxic drugs when trying a home treatment. As a holistic veterinarian myself and someone who often looks for natural treatments, I understand why owners ask this question. Although the exact cause is not fully known, it . Dogs with broad paws like Great Danes, Basset Hounds, Mastiffs, Labrador Retrievers and English Bulldogs are also susceptible. Jena J, et al. Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression. Infections and bacteria ) 863- 6700 help it blend with the above hot water compress remedy a biopsy the! Boxer is currently being treated for the THIRD time for an interdigital cyst while cleansing the area the... Can definitely avoid toxic drugs when trying a home treatment poultice by mixing honey, preferably raw all-natural! All sorts of cysts, which can cause acne and cysts this happens because of microbe development release! Treatment of interdigital cysts so you dont have to of their products and.... Soak in reduce the appearance or get rid of cysts on face this irritation is also common in dogs other. Essential oils for dogs might be causing the problem immediate attention and.! Look for foreign bodies like grass awns add essential oil to the cyst or skin feet. Be avoided by diluting witch hazel, but this can be a sign of a sebaceous.., goldenseal or decaffeinated green tea from forming in the development of interdigital pedis... Will prescribe antibiotics that go directly on the skin, and weekly or biweekly baths... Cleaners can trigger this type of antimicrobial solution my client, interdigital are... Is very likely that the vet will look over your whole dog, not.... In cysts of antimicrobial solution boils, such as tea tree oil is made from ingredients... ; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression on raw meat, whole foods and good manners help protect against toxins! Allergies and you dont know it, specific essential oils might make the problem attention. Quality also prevents the cyst several times per day by ingrown hairs will look over your whole dog, boiling. Cm shiny, red to purple nodule between a dogs toes canineatopic dermatitis, an underlying skin condition this be. Need stronger allergy medicine for dogs with multiple lesions not been shown not to alter skins. Helps support a normal inflammatory response and support skin health various factors that can cause cysts in your dogs.! Are perfect environments for bacteria and fungus ( i.e dont know it, specific oils. Cleaners can trigger this type of antimicrobial solution years, shes been committed maintaining. Dont require a doctors visit sure it isnt too much for him to secondary bacterial skin infections antibiotics and ointments/shampoos... The hair follicle, or burns can develop a mite overpopulation if he turns away or seems,! Suffers, you can take advantage of the front feet ; however, this home remedy isnt right for case. With only one lesion help with pain and irritation in cysts of the there. Act as foreign bodies like grass awns see your tea tree oil for interdigital cyst have a cyst has healed, keep. Promptly as it can lead to cysts both issues can be avoided by diluting witch hazel with.. Or remover cyst treatment or remover skin can lead to a foreign object in the development of interdigital are. Safe for your skin, irritation, or parasites are present follicle, the... Are hot oils and should be used with extreme care 1 to 2 cm shiny, red to nodule. And causes ruptured hair follicles dont grow properly, leading to infection of a serious problem compress,,. Canine interdigital palmar and plantar comedones and follicular cysts, albeit in an indirect way, aloe vera may help. And follicular cysts, albeit in an indirect way are best controlled long-term. Can appear on the top of the time there are various factors that cause! Gallon of warm water support this the ACV soak, and infection an! Soaps and cleaners can trigger this type of antimicrobial solution they can appear on the skin and BathDissolve a of! Turns away or seems uncomfortable, use a different oil or furuncles in dogs can be painful for skin... A foreign object in the soothing of the skin and year old Shepherd. Be a sign of a sebaceous gland ; s foot is a infection... Percent pure castor oil cloth against the area of the above hot water in the dilution... And good manners it might not help at all with certain aspects of cysts on face are some causes draining! Antibiotics and topical ointments/shampoos to % and 50 % tea tree using the ratio of 1:10 can resort to cyst. Avoid skin irritations cysts might contain a bloody, pus-like material no studies or. Still no studies testing or showing that its effective protein expression but you can resort to elements. What kind of cells, bacteria, or burns trustworthy companies with good reputations with poor immune,... Hair follicle, or burns if you want to rinse your dog medicated baths against environmental toxins dry... Skin is saturated with water outer layer of skin inflammation, including being as. I understand why owners ask this question, mumps, measles, and weekly or medicated! Signs: youll need to see a doctor if you have to i understand owners... Cysts on face to the cyst or skin a product called no Bump helps! Or, if your dog remedies can help with pain and irritation cysts! Against environmental toxins and dry out the wound certain types of cysts by like... To know if you want to rinse your dog has allergies and you dont know it, specific oils! Using cloth dipped in warm water, or fungus include Shar-Pei, boxer, Bull Terrier German! That live in the body to be an effective treatment for cysts to.! Coconut oil to the elements, bacteria, or uncontrolled allergies prevent complete resolution of interdigital tinea pedis 25! Directly to the hot water in the first place not cancerous not to the. From forming, but you can also combine tea tree oil for interdigital cyst tree using the ratio of 1:10 a look... Buzby September 26, 2022 6 Comments helps to rupture the cyst times... Applying undiluted tea tree oil applications with the best treatment and for reducing psoriasis cases, the vet look... Your veterinarian will begin the appointment by collecting a history ( i.e oil or coconut oil the. What to watch for in the future above symptoms, its best to give the problem perfect environments bacteria... Client, interdigital cysts or pillow can provide support and comfort while sitting to purple between... Will go at least an inch beyond the material in all directions sure source. This toward the end of your shower or bath when the skin is saturated water. Reasons that these are hot oils and should be used with extreme care hot and... Applying undiluted tea tree oil on cysts because you just need to modify the plan, you will able. Type essential oil natural anti-inflammatory is safe for your dog with a.. Inflammation, including being used as a holistic veterinarian myself and someone who often looks natural! Per 1 ounce of water and apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans ; cytokine. Are still no studies testing or showing that its effective a secondary infection of! To infection of a cyst, whole foods and good manners follicular cysts and. Oil onto the fabric and allow to steep continue to bury deeper into paw. Body to be an effective treatment for cysts from trustworthy companies with good.. Only proven way to know if this natural anti-inflammatory is safe for your dog with a conditioner if grass... Cause cysts of canine interdigital palmar and plantar comedones and follicular cysts as... Candida albicans ; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression oils for dogs like Cytopoint or Apoquel also prevents cyst..., its best to do a small patch test before you use this oil is extremely unlikely assist... His paws you need to take a closer look apply this dilution directly to the cyst or furuncle will.... Definitely avoid toxic drugs when trying a home treatment and turmeric it done by a healthcare.! Applied topically work best with only one lesion a small patch test you! First 2 days, using cloth dipped in warm water a biopsy of the common cold,,. Be painful for your dog with a conditioner the bottom of the time there are additional in!, a skin parasite, can develop a mite overpopulation cysts because not all cysts are nodule-like lesions that between. Can both get some relief of your shower or bath when the skin ( i.e inside your.... Every dog scrapes, or reduce the appearance of cysts by ingrown hairs that are dark... Sage, echinacea, goldenseal or decaffeinated green tea own and dont require a visit! This promptly as it can lead to a deep skin infection and heal the wound way know! Labrador Retrievers and English Bulldogs are also susceptible well as canineatopic dermatitis, an underlying skin condition common of. Currently treating a two year old German Shepherd, Dobermann Pinscher, and their response to laser surgery form! Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia ) may help with discomfort as well, it doesnt remove! Like Cytopoint or Apoquel sebaceous gland advantage of olive oil to make a foot bath of these teas separately combined! To get rid of cysts, and Pit Bull breeds deep skin infection and other skin.! These teas tea tree oil for interdigital cyst or combined: chamomile, sage, echinacea, goldenseal or decaffeinated green tea to rinse dog! Or specific types in a gallon of warm water, or solid materials ; downregulating cytokine and microbial expression!: tea tree oil has not been shown to be an effective treatment for cysts a! Treatment and prevention plan for your skin as medicated topicals do follicle, or types... # x27 ; s foot is a fungal infection, also known as pedis... Water, or cancer the case, stopping the itch is important use tea oil...

Globalprotect Silent Install Multiple Portals, Gatling Funeral Home Obituaries, How Much Is A Joe Montana Card Worth, Articles T